Active Voluntary and Nonvoluntary Euthanasia Essay Example for Free

Dynamic Voluntary and Nonvoluntary Euthanasia Essay The term willful extermination started from the Greek word for good passing. It is the demonstration or practice of completion the life of an individual either by deadly infusion or the suspension of clinical treatment (Munson, 2012, p. 578). Many view willful extermination as just bringing help by reducing agony and languishing. Willful extermination has been a long-standing moral discussion for a considerable length of time in the United States. Dynamic willful extermination is just lawful in the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg. Helped self destruction is lawful in Switzerland and in the United States in the conditions of Washington, Oregon and Montana (Angell). A few studies demonstrate that around 66% of the American open presently bolster doctor helped self destruction, and the greater part the specialists in the United States do as well (Angell). Dynamic intentional and nonvoluntary willful extermination matter since they permit the patient or family to soothe them of torment and enduring, and to pass on with poise and regard. In this paper I will contend that it is corrupt and dishonest to deny a patient the option to kick the bucket and that dynamic intentional and nonvoluntary killing ought to be a lawful practice in the United States. When denied the option to bite the dust one can bear an enormous measure of physiological and passionate agony. The 1973 instance of Dax Cowart is an extraordinary case of this. Dax experienced fourteen months of difficult, uncouth medicines of skin debriding, tank soakings, and dressing changes. He contrasted the debridements with being destroyed and the arrangements poured over his skin resembled having liquor poured over crude tissue aside from it consumes more and more (Asher). Dax mentioned on a few unique events to simply disregard him and let him kick the bucket however the entirety of his physicians’ rejected his solicitations and propped up with their treatment plan. The doctors were conflicting with the guideline of non-wrathfulness, which states, â€Å" Physicians have a commitment to do no damage to the patient† (Munson, 2012, p. 892). Dax endured difficult debridements for a considerable length of time without appropriate agony control since his doctors were too stressed over him getting dependent on the torment drugs. They knew how excruciating these debridements were for their patient and they kept on keeping up a similar treatment plan without any alterations. They purposely damaged the guideline of non-evil. On the off chance that dynamic willful killing were an adequate practice in the public arena, Dax ould have had the option to decline the medicines and pass on by method of disease, or a doctor could have given him a deadly infusion. Both of these choices would have encouraged Dax to pass on keeping his desires of poise and regard flawless. For this situation, demise is less hurtful than the uncouth medicines that Dax needed to suffer for innumerable months. Today, numerous Americans are so worried about the chance of a waiting, high innovation passing that they are receptive to specialists being permitted to enable them to bite the dust (Angell). This is the reason we have to authorize dynamic willful and nonvoluntary killing in the United States. In an article from The New England Journal of Medicine, Marcia Angell states, â€Å"The most significant moral rule in medication is regard for every patients independence, and that when this guideline clashes with others, it ought to quite often take precedence† (Angell). To deny somebody their self-sufficiency is to regard that person as something not exactly an individual (Munson, 2012, p. 900). It isn't right to assume responsibility for somebody else’s life and to direct their activities. Every individual has an option to act independently; in doing this they should be able to pick among various choices. A constrained choice is no alternative by any means (Munson, 2012, p. 901). Dax Cowart was denied his self-governance when the specialists would not tune in to his desires of needing to kick the bucket; rather they did what they needed. Munson states that, â€Å"Making choices to benefit others, without speaking with their desires, denies them of their status as self-ruling agents† (Munson, 2012, p. 902). Dax was not offered alternatives to look over, nor was his voice heard at all the while, which disregarded the whole rule of self-sufficiency. It ought to have been his decision since it was his life. In a totally extraordinary case, Terri Schiavo was denied her independence when she was kept alive on a taking care of cylinder, when she had recently expressed this was not what she needed on the off chance that it at any point came down to it. With our self-governance, we ought to reserve the option to state how and when we kick the bucket. It ought not be founded exclusively on social orders ethics, qualities, and convictions. Nobody else ought to reserve the option to choose how one finishes their life, with the exception of that individual. We esteem our self-sufficiency since we are additionally ready to live with our own decisions at that point to have another person choose for us. Dynamic willful and nonvoluntary killing give patients their self-rule and option to kick the bucket with poise. Dynamic intentional and non-willful killing ought to be an endorsed practice since it permits patients who are in a determined vegetative express the opportunity to kick the bucket with nobility, while permitting their friends and family to keep their ethics and qualities set up. Patients that end up in such lamentable conditions can't utilize their self-governance and settle on choices with respect to their treatment and expected finish of life care. Keeping up one’s self-governance is a piece of an honorable passing. On the off chance that these were endorsed rehearses, it would permit relatives the opportunity to stop their adored one’s enduring the manner in which they would have needed. It is deceptive to constrain somebody to accomplish something without wanting to, as it is additionally indecent to make somebody live if it’s against their needs or convictions. On February 26, 1990, Terri Schiavo crumbled and surprisingly went into a constant vegetative state, where she stayed for a long time by continuing counterfeit hydration and nourishment through a taking care of cylinder. Terri lost all nobility and self-sufficiency when her terminal sickness came, requiring care nonstop. Michael Schiavo accepted that his significant other would not have any desire to be kept alive in her condition, which at last lead to his choice of suspending her taking care of cylinder. Following a long, convoluted thirteen days, Terri starved to death. The way Terri kicked the bucket was extremely heartless and exploitative; anyway it is an endorsed practice in the United States that keeps on being utilized even today. On the off chance that dynamic willful and non-deliberate killing were a satisfactory practice in the United States, patients like Terri would not need to kick the bucket in such a primitive way. It is exploitative to permit a patient to starve to death, as it is likewise dishonest to deny a patient the option to bite the dust (Munson, 2012). Non-intentional willful extermination would have permitted Terri to bite the dust torment free with her poise and wishes set up. In Timothy Quill’s article, Death and Dignity, A Case of Individualized Decision Making, he discusses his patient Diane, who was determined to have leukemia. Diane denied all medicines and in the long run settled upon home hospice care. It was critical to Diane to keep up control of herself and her pride during the time staying to her. She needed to stay a self-ruling individual, and when this was not, at this point conceivable, she unmistakably needed to kick the bucket. She asked Dr. Plume for dozing pills, which he composed a solution for realizing she experienced difficulty resting, yet in addition realizing it could be a necessary chore when the opportunity arrived for Diane. Diane had the option to settle on an educated choice to end her own life and to kick the bucket with poise and her desires regarded at long last. Dr. Plume states, â€Å"I realize we have measures to assist control with tormenting and diminish enduring, to feel that individuals don't endure during the time spent passing on is an illusion† (Quill 2). This is the reason individuals in our general public ought to be increasingly liberal to dynamic intentional and non-willful killing. These two ideas can permit our critically ill, enduring, friends and family amazing the poise and regard they merit, as Diane had the option to do. Patients who are determined to have a terminal disease, for example, malignant growth or dynamic neurological issue in the end become powerless and weakened. These patients wind up depending on family, companions, and medicinal services laborers to assist them with doing their exercises of day by day living, for example, batheing and eating. A significant number of these critically ill patients lay in bed enduring, with zero personal satisfaction, simply holding on to bite the dust. These patients have lost their will to live and discover no satisfaction or straightforward joys left in life in light of the fact that their torment has gotten excessively agonizing. These patients endure consistently, while loved ones watch, powerlessly; as their friends and family decrease step by step. It is exploitative for society to anticipate that these patients should go on with the personal satisfaction they are keeping up. Critically ill patients ought to be permitted to control their death and end their enduring available to their own. In this manner, dynamic intentional and non-deliberate killing ought to be a socially worthy and affirmed legitimate practice in the United States. One could contradict the first contention saying that dynamic intentional and nonvoluntary willful extermination ought to stay unlawful in the United States since it is insensitive and boorish. Patients do have different alternatives, for example, hospice projects and torment control. These give elective alternatives that can be morally and ethically adequate in our general public. There are various alternatives to treat constant torment, for example, opiates. There are a colossal assortment of opiates available, which can all be attempted until a particular one is seen as to directly for that tolerant. Palliative consideration and hospice programs are increasing more consideration for the finish of life care they accommodate at death's door patients. The objectives of these projects depend on comfort care, pride and regard to the in critical condition tolerant. These projects permit patients to kick the bucket with their pride, regard, ethics, and qualities all set up. Because of the reality t

Technology to the Study Habits of the Students of Ceu Essay Sample free essay sample

This Thesis applies as an assault of mechanical trial to examine the open introduction of understudies when presented to processing machine games. or on the other hand the internet. PC games. other than known as figuring machine games. are computer games played on a universally useful individualized computing machine rather than a committed picture game support or arcade machine. Their characterizing highlights incorporate an insufficiency of any brought together controlling approval and more noteworthy limit in input. preparing. what's more, final result. PC games arrived at boundless prominence following the computer game crash of 1983. unconventionally in Europe. taking to the age of the â€Å"bedroom coder† . From the mid-90s forward they lost mass-showcase grasp to comfort games before luxuriating a recovery in the mid-2000s through computerized conveyance. The Internet is a planetary arrangement of interrelated figuring machine networks that utilization the standard Inte rnet convention suite to work one million a great many clients around the world. It is a trap of networks that comprises of 1000000s of private. We will compose a custom exposition test on Innovation to the Study Habits of the Students of Ceu Essay Sample or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page open. scholastic. concern. what's more, specialists networks. of neighborhood to planetary range. that are connected by a wide cluster of electronic. radio and optical systems administration engineerings. The Internet conveys an all-inclusive extent of data assets and administrations. for example, the between connected hypertext paperss of the World Wide Web and the foundation to back up electronic mail. Web presents is an interruption to the students in light of cultural systems administration destinations. Others are occupied in light of erotica. While a few needs to be praised that is the reason the internet is an interruption. As the twelvemonth level of understudies in school gets higher. their overview wonts vary from clasp to cut. The kind of review wonts they have shows the distinctions or advancements by they way they become gifted and sincere about larning new things. Breaking down does non only remember the preparing of students to stand apart for classification yet alongside the backings of the exercises previously educated. It is just evaluating and executing to mind new data. Moreover. investigate wonts can be determined as buying out a committed planned and un-intruded on clasp to utilize one’s self image to the endeavor of securing. Without it. one does non turn and go self-restricting throughout everyday life. Really. it plays an extremely of import work on their scholarly open introductions. The impacts of review wonts on student’s scholastic open introductions depend on how they rehearsed their ain study wonts. It is truly non difficult to get five star and ground-breaking investigating wonts and procedures. A considerable lot of these are extremely sound judgment and the key is the use of solid study devices and non truly in the apparatuses entirely. What shows up each piece straightforward can truly be obvious questioning. in add-on. students should in any case observe a few factors that might be considered for breaking down practically in bettering their review wonts. These variables incorporate ; a decent topographic point for examining. sufficient clasp to rest. a fixed motivation and puting out a positive end. In any case. it despite everything relies upon the understudies on how they will have t he option to build up their review wonts through their ain individual way. Foundation and its Survey What is the youth’s return on Social systems administration Sites? Friendly. High Sociable or Friendly? Widespread McCann qualified â€Å"Power For The People †Wave3† Declared The Philippines as â€Å"The Social Networking Capital of the world† with 83 % individuals from cultural systems administration web. Clearly. the turning figure of clients of these figure cultural systems administration are STUDENTS! Long range interpersonal communication in the Philippines brought roughly by Filipino human progress. Filipino = Friends helping companions. companions and contacts are important in connecting and achieving a higher level of systems administration and benevolent relationship. Prior yearss Television is the start of entertainment of the youngster! Today. with the happening to the internet as a robotic unending all the customary signifiers of beguilement media ( broadcasting. remote. are intertwined with only the chink of the mouse ) !

Phase 2 Individual Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Stage 2 Individual Project - Assignment Example The essential goal of this contextual investigation is (a) to characterize fixed, variable, and blended costs; (b) to decide cost personal conduct standards, and (c) to clarify how these various examples influence working and evaluating choices. II.Cost Analysis a. Meaning of Variable Costs + Example All costs brought about that expansion as the Production Output and Sales increments and diminishes at whatever point the Production Output and Sales diminishes ought to be considered as factor costs. Albrecht, Steve W., et.al.(2010, p.1062) characterized variable expenses in an increasingly broad route by saying that they are the costs that adjustment altogether in direct extent to changes in action level.. In the SAC activities, a case of the variable expense would be Raw Materials. The higher the interest for the item which would be clear in the expansion in Sales volume, the higher the necessary Production Output, and a comparing set of Raw Materials will be expected to create the id eal request amount. b. Meaning of Fixed Costs + Example All costs that are brought about whether activities are at high or low level ought to be called Fixed Costs. Rich, J.S., et. al. (2009, p.757) characterized fixed expense as steady expenses â€Å"within the pertinent range as the degree of yield increments or decreases.† At SAC, a case of that fixed expense is Depreciation Expense †Factory. Every month, regardless of whether the manufacturing plant produces for popularity or for low interest, the estimation of devaluation cost won't change. c. Meaning of Mixed Costs + Example Some costs known as blended expenses are comprised of a mix of fixed expense and variable expense. Weygandt, J.J. et.al. (2009, p.209) shows the need to isolate these two so as to appropriately play out a cost-volume-benefit investigation. Kinney, M.R. what's more, Raiborn, C.A. (2012, p.70) additionally alludes to the â€Å"high-low method† of determinine variable expenses per unit and afterward isolating it from fixed expenses. That is, the recipe to decide the part that is variable in a blended costshould be as per the following: Cost at High Level of Operations less Cost at Low Level Operations partitioned by High Activity Level communicated in volume of creation or deals less Low Activity Level likewise communicated in volume of creation or deals. The outcome will be the variable expense per unit inside that blended expense. Variable Costs may then be processed for its aggregate and afterward isolated from the all out blended expense so as to show up at the fixed cost aggregate inside the blended expense. On account of SAC, there are information from two years, 2005 and 2006. Cost of Goods sold in 2005 was 50.81% though in 2006, the rate expanded to 59.30%. This implies Cost of Goods Sold (CGS) may not be considered as 100% variable expenses. A more intensive gander at the subtleties of CGS in the 2006 diary sections shows the accompanying records: Cost of Goo ds Sold Raw Materials Labor Overhead Classification: Fixed, Variable, Mixed Supplies-Factory 3,500 MC Insurance-Factory 800 FC Indirect Labor 16,000 MC Factory Salaries 12,500 FC Factory Property Tax 7,500 FC Maintenance Expense-Factory 8,700 FC Depreciation Expense-Factory 1,600 FC Utilities-Factory 3,650 MC Raw Materials RM, beg.=19,360 Purchases=33,710 RM, end= 10,000 RM, utilized 43,070 WIP, beg.= 1,800 RM handled = 41,270 WIP,end= 7,000 FG added=34,270 FG,beg.= 25,360 FG,total= 59,630 FG,end= 36,360 FG,sold= 23,270 VC Direct Labor 8,500 VC Selling Expenses 1,560 MC Admin.

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The Industrial Revolution Of The Middle East - 1071 Words

For millennia mankind has exhausted endless amounts of energy contemplating the eternally complicated system of war. From Gangas Khan to America’s involvement in the Middle East, all successful generals, military leaders, and conquerors have found commonality in their zealous emphasis on, and desire for, possessing the most technologically advanced forms of weaponry. Such a desire was not ignored in America nor England during the Industrial Revolution, but, rather, was seen by many as an opportune investment during a time of extraordinarily progressive innovation. With this in mind the Industrial Revolution became heavily involved with the advancement of weaponry, forever changing the face of war unlike any era before it. The industrial revolution was a time of great change for both Europe and America. Inventions during this time (such as the cotton gin, the steam engine, sewing machine) stemmed from a seemingly never-ending flow of revelation in thought. Thus, paving the way for a more advanced and technological society. This was a time of great accomplishment. With the drastic advancement of economic and technological innovation came the traumatic realization of necessary social adaptation; a change that did not come easy for such a progressive society. The upper class became more wealthy as the number of impoverished citizens increased. Britain set an appropriate stage for the industrial revolution to take place. Britain was a politically stable society and was theShow MoreRelatedThe Commercial Revolution of the Middle Ages 950-1350633 Words   |  3 PagesIn this book it revealed how the middle ages were not dead times, but mere it was the just beginning of everything, such as it gave people more freedom and independence and allowed to people to explore trading new things with others. 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Juvenile Justice System Is The Primary System Essay

Juvenile Justice System is the primary system used to address and deal with youth who are caught and convicted of crimes. The juvenile justice system intervenes in delinquent behavior through police, court and correctional involvement, and is largely punitive. Youth and their parents or guardians can face a variety of consequences including probation, community service, youth court, youth incarceration, and alternative schooling. The juvenile justice system, similar to the adult system, operates from a belief that intervening early in delinquent behavior will deter adolescents from engaging in criminal behavior as adults. Furthermore, according to Elizabeth S. Barnert, statistic which stated that about 2 million juveniles were arrested and over 60 000 detained annually. The statistic displayed that the United States incarcerates a larger proportion of youths than any other developed country. In addition, 1 to 3 incarcerated adolescents represent a high-risk, vulnerable population wit h disproportionately high rates of unmet physical, developmental, social, and mental health needs, and higher mortality. Moving forward, 4 to 7 juvenile offending predicts a higher likelihood of chronic adult offending, as well as adverse adult outcomes such as poor health, substance use, and increased mortality. Nevertheless, African American youths are approximately 5 times more likely, and Latino and American Indian adolescents are 3 times more likely, to be detained than their WhiteShow MoreRelatedThe Juvenile Justice System Is The Primary System Essay1367 Words   |  6 PagesThe Juvenile Justice System is the primary system used to address and deal with youth who are caught and convicted of crimes. The juvenile justice system intervenes in delinquent behavior through police, court and correctional involvement, and is largely punitive. 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Gerald â€Å"Jerry† Gault (case) Fifteen-year-old Gerald (Jerry) Gault, was arrested for a complaint that was made that he made a lewd telephone calls. After the court hearings that took place in front of a juvenile court judgeRead More Preferential Treatments in Juvenile Justice System.816 Words   |  4 PagesChapter 15 in the textbook focuses mainly on juvenile justice. There are many subtopics under this chapter however, there was one topic in particular that attracted my interests. This topic was also touched on several times in the discussions board and it is the Preferential Treatments in Juvenile. These controversial treatments were specifically created and developed with a child’s best interests as a primary objective. 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In the late 18th century children as young as seven could stand trial in criminal court and could be sentenced to prison or death. The perception of children was later changed and they were viewed as persons with undeveloped moral and cognitive capacities. This allowed the state of Illinois to intervene in the lives of children providing protection and care or supervision. The mission to help children in trouble was clearly stated in theRead MoreJuvenile Vs Juvenile915 Words à ‚  |  4 PagesJuvenile v. Adult Corrections Juvenile delinquents use to not face police or a correction system, only the fear and punishment of their families. However, as the juvenile delinquents aged they were faced with harsher punishments, but it was not until the 1800s reformers started looking for ways to teach values and built asylum and training schools. Then the concept of parens patriae occurred to establish the right to intervene in a child’s life when there were issues (Siegel, 2016). The next major

In E-Commerce in Developing Nations Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1. Define the role of using Electronic Commerce on the Business Expansion. 2. Recognize the types of Business Modes. 3. Recognize the related Revenue Model in the selected Website. 4. Recognize the Implemented Business Strategies in the selected website. 5. Describe the Development of secure Electronic transactions on the Internet. 6. Explain privacy policies, online auctions and any potential legal or ethical issues. 7. Describe the ways that the Website Manages the Customer relationship. Answers: Introduction The report makes a detailed analysis of the importance of e-commerce and how it is growing at a rapid pace. The e-commerce company ASOS has been very successful in attracting the customers and the role that e-commerce plays, has been discussed in the report. The business model and revenue model of the company have been analyzed and the customer relationship management of ASOS helped the company to make a brand loyalty in this competitive market. The significant role of e-commerce has been discussed in detail in the report. 1.Role of e-commerce E-commerce is providing a lot of benefits to the online retail companies (Turban, Strauss and Lai, 2016). It has become a preferred way of shopping by many of the consumers, as it is very convenient and easy. They are able to get the details and descriptions of the products from the online catalogue. The product datasheet is important for the customers. E-commerce also has the ability to attract new customers through search engine visibility. The customers become aware about the terms and conditions that are linked with the purchase of any product (Peltola, Vainio and Nieminen, 2015). It also helps the retail companies by reducing the cost of inventory management. The company can trace the buying habit of the consumers. This method is also very efficient for effective business transactions. E-commerce also helps the customers to sell their own products. E-commerce is active for 24X7 and people can access the products at any point of time (Strauss, 2016). ASOS is benefitted by e-comme rce and the company has been successful in making a presence in the minds of the customers. 2.Business model ASOS is a private company and profit maximization is their only motive on the basis of their operational activities. The company deals with the demand of the customers in various ways like providing them products over the website. ASOS has a wide business spectrum having relationships with the suppliers, manufacturers, customers and vendors. There is an established relationship between the middle level managers and the higher management. The business model of ASOS includes the basic functions of the business like supply chain management, ordering of new materials, procurement of the items and proper management of the inventory. The business model of the company aims at improving the technological advancement by enhancing their presence in the online market. The online retail business entity is planning to foster their product range. The stakeholders of the company are shareholders, employees, investors, managers and suppliers. A good relation with the government has enabled the compa ny to make their business flows even smoother. 3.Revenue model ASOS has a very effective revenue model in Australia and other countries as well. The company uses a 360-degree marketing strategy for the sale of its products. The different platforms are mobile platforms, subscription fees and print magazines. There has been about 5.4 million downloads as far as the company is concerned. Around 50 to 60 % traffic comes from the mobile platform, to be used by the customers. Maximum of the orders are placed on the mobile platforms as world is becoming more digital. ASOS has a provision for marketplace where there is a subscription fee and a commission. The retail company is also having a print magazine on their own which they send to a huge number of women consumers per month. They have even launched a magazine for the men. ASOS has launched mobile apps so that it becomes easier for the customers to have a look at their products before making a purchase. The company is also using the social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter and has upgraded t he searching functionalities. Nearly all the posts that the company gives on the Facebook promote new ranges and products and earn some likes as well as comments. 4.Implemented business strategies The business strategies of ASOS include ethical trade, sustainable fashion, community and sustainable business. ASOS has built up customer relationship with through social media like Facebook and Twitter. ASOS has also sponsored many movies to drive the sales in different parts of the world. They have made their websites decorative that can attract the attention of the customers. The company has made a social linkage of the online orders with the social network itself. ASOS has been successful in making a global expansion of the company and mainly targeted the young generation through its apparel having low cost and high quality. 5.Development of secure electronic transactions Secure Electronic Transactions (SET) is generally designed to address the security issues of the electronic payment systems that have hindered the growth of e-commerce (Agarwal and Wu, 2015). It is a security protocol for any electronic payment system that makes proper utilization of PKI in order to address the e-commerce security and privacy issues. The strengths of the SET architecture involves authentication, limited access of the merchant, immediate verification, and stronger encryption (Anciaux, et al., 2014). Authentication Any person getting involved in taking a digital signature like cardholder, bank and merchant need to get an authentication from the Certificate Authority (CA) (Chaudhary, Ahmad and Rizvi, 2014). Limited Access of the merchant A merchant is not having any access to the credit card information that makes the SET much safer. Limited access This defines the customers privacy by not providing them information about the order to the credit card issuer. Immediate verification This helps in the verification of the customers authenticity and availability of credit of the merchant. He can fulfill the orders through the mitigation of risks. Encryption The credit card information is having a fixed length and requires stronger encryption (Memon, 2014). The encrypted orders and the credit card information are done separately. 6.Privacy policies The auction sites are able to draw millions of buyers and sellers every day which creates a virtual market (Sundaresan, et al., 2015). The companies doing their business online have the responsibilities to make the customers feel secured while they provide their personal information on the internet. This responsibility is directly linked with the legal and ethical issues. The e-commerce companies must strictly value the privacy of the customers for their own goodwill. The companies need to have a look as to how to form the contracts, creation of the privacy policies and database protection (Adelola, Dawson and Batmaz, 2015). There can be issues regarding the copyright and trademark. It is necessary to ensure that the legal rules is not able to undermine the copyrights and other related rights. There are numerous online terms and conditions that the companies need to take into account. They should record the retention obligation, ensure proper contracts online, laws to protect the for eign data protection and regulation of the exchange control (Crabtree and Mortier, 2016). 7.Ways to manage customer relationships The customer relationship management of ASOS is very well established. The company has a very attractive product as well as service proposition. There has been a wide range of products of ASOS that are very appealing. The prices of the products are very competitive with low price and high quality. The services on the other hand have very convenient proposition like free delivery, delivery of the products within five to ten days and free return. The company has the opportunity to create a market place where there will be opportunities for the customers in selling their own items and creations. ASOS has created good relationships with the customers as it has become the most liked retail fashion brand on Facebook. ASOS have become the second most visited apparel retailer in the whole world. ASOS has an international network due to the largest international selling of the apparel products through online. The company website of ASOS displays the products for the young generation like 20 t o 30 years of age. ASOS put more focus on the women apparel with more grooming segment. The facebook page of the company contains a page to help the customers and an official page for the worldwide customers. It also has five twitter pages to remain connected with the prospective customers like a here to help page, a discount page, one career page and a worldwide official page. Recommendations Online business can be improved by several ways that have been recommended. The company can offer just one product on the home page though they are having a variety of products. This increases the focus of the consumers on one product. The company can reposition their opt-in offers to boost the opt-ins and create a list of the loyal customers (Hutchinson, 2015). This may help ASOS to keep in touch with the customers on a regular basis. The retail company can display different benefits in the headline to catch the attention of the consumers (Jimnez-Zarco, Martnez-Ruiz and Izquierdo-Yusta, 2014). This can have a huge impact on the sales of the company. A successful headline can have an enormous effect on the customers by highlighting the problems of the customers. The e-commerce company must enhance the credibility of the company in the minds of the customers so that they become comfortable in purchasing the products. Conclusion The report has inferred that ecommerce companies are growing at a rapid pace all over the world. The e-commerce company ASOS has been very successful in creating a brand name and maintaining brand loyalty in the competitive market through effective customer relationship management. This report takes into consideration the business model, revenue model and development of secure electronic transactions which are very significant for the purpose of cyber security. The different ways have been discussed by which ASOS manages the customer relationship management. Finally some recommendations have been provided that might help the company in improving the website performance. References Adelola, T., Dawson, R. and Batmaz, F., 2015. Privacy and data protection in e-commerce in developing nations: evaluation of different data protection approaches. Agarwal, J. and Wu, T., 2015. Factors influencing growth potential of E?commerce in emerging economies: An institution?based N?OLI framework and research propositions.Thunderbird International Business Review,57(3), pp.197-215. Anciaux, N., Bouganim, L., Delot, T., Ilarri, S., Kloul, L., Mitton, N. and Pucheral, P., 2014. Opportunistic data services in least developed countries: benefits, challenges and feasibility issues.ACM SIGMOD Record,43(1), pp.52-63. Chaudhary, A., Ahmad, K. and Rizvi, M.A., 2014, April. E-commerce security through asymmetric key algorithm. InCommunication Systems and Network Technologies (CSNT), 2014 Fourth International Conference on(pp. 776-781). IEEE. Crabtree, A. and Mortier, R., 2016. Personal Data, Privacy and the Internet of Things: The Shifting Locus of Agency and Control. Hutchinson, E.E., 2015. Keeping Your Personal Information Personal: Trouble for the Modern Consumer.Hofstra Law Review,43(4), p.7. Jimnez-Zarco, A.I., Martnez-Ruiz, M.P. and Izquierdo-Yusta, A., 2014. Personally Engaged with Retail Clients: Marketing 3.0 in Response to New Consumer Profiles. InHandbook of Research on Retailer-Consumer Relationship Development(pp. 219-237). IGI Global. Memon, J., Rozan, M.Z.A., Uddin, M., Abubakar, A., Chiroma, H. and Daud, D., 2014. Randomized text encryption: A new dimension in cryptography.International Review on Computers and Software (IRECOS,9(2). Peltola, S., Vainio, H. and Nieminen, M., 2015, August. Key factors in developing omnichannel customer experience with finnish retailers. InInternational Conference on HCI in Business(pp. 335-346). Springer International Publishing. Strauss, J., 2016.E-marketing. Routledge. Sundaresan, N., Graziano, E., Jamilkowski, J., Kamsler, Z., Kidder, B. and Peterson, T., 2015.Virtual world system supporting a consumer experience. U.S. Patent Application 14/846,603. Turban, E., Strauss, J. and Lai, L., 2016. Introduction to Social Commerce. InSocial Commerce(pp. 3-22). Springer International Publishing.

Basketball History In America

Basketball History In America Basketball Basketball was originated (1891) in Springfield , Mass., by Dr. James Naismith of the YMCA. It quickly grew into a leading U.S. school and college sport and spread throughout the world, becoming (1936) a part of the Olympic Games. Professional basketball gained great popularity in the U.S. after the formation (1949) of the National Basketball Association (NBA); the NBA is now made up of 27 teams in two conferences, each of which has two divisions.Game played generally indoors by two opposing teams of five players each. At each end of the court-usually about 92 ft (28 m) long and 50 ft (15 m) wide-is a bottomless basket made of cord net and suspended from a metal ring attached 10 ft (3.05 m) above the floor to a backboard. The ball may be passed, batted, or dribbled (bounced), but the players may not run with it. Players of one team attempt to shoot the ball through one basket while seeking to keep the opposition from scoring through the other basket.Allen Fieldhouse during the KU Oklahoma State game...

The Defination and Example of Approaches to Social Responsibility Essay Example

The Defination and Example of Approaches to Social Responsibility Essay Example The Defination and Example of Approaches to Social Responsibility Essay The Defination and Example of Approaches to Social Responsibility Essay A company that takes an obstructive stance toward social responsibility attempts to defend its economic priorities by blocking any attempts to point out the companys lack of social responsibility. An obstructive company does not make social responsibility an effort, instead making profits the most important aspect of its business. Some people view obstructive businesses as immoral since they may exploit their employees, pollute natural lands or deceive customers. (Breann Kanobi, eHow Contributor) Example~ IBP, a leading meat-processing firm, has a long ( and undistinguished ) record of breaking environmental protection, labor, and food processing laws and then trying to cover up its offenses. Enron would fall into this category as well. (Portter,Michael E) Defensive Stance In most cases, companies that take a defensive stance towards social responsibility are not particularly responsible. These companies may consider themselves neutral, and they make profits a more important motive than performing actions in a socially responsible way. These companies make a point of following the law to ensure that others cannot take legal action against them. For example, a company may create more waste than necessary, but it will remove of the waste in a legal method rather than dumping it illegally. (Breann Kanobi, eHow Contributor) Example~ Tobacco companies generally take his position in their marketing efforts. In the United States, they are legally required to include warnings to smokers on their products and to limit advertising to prescribed media. Domestically, they follow these rules to the letter of the law but use more aggresive marketing methods in countries that have no such rules. In many Asian and African countries, cigarettes are heavily promoted, contain higher levels of tar and nicotine than those sold in the Unites States, and carry few or no health warning labels. Firms that take this position are also unlikely to cover up wrongdoing, will generally admit yo mistakes, and will take appropriate corrective actions. (Portter,Michael E) Accommodative Stance An accommodating stance signifies that a company believes social responsibility is important and perhaps as important as making a profit. These companies satisfy all legal requirements and attempt to meet ethical standards. An accommodating company does not attempt to hide its actions and remains open about why it takes specific actions. For example, it may decrease its creation of waste, source products that are not tested on animals and pay its employees a fair wage. The company would keep its records open to the public. Though these companies are often socially responsible, they may change their policies in response to criticism. (Breann Kanobi, eHow Contributor) Example~ Both Shell and IBM, for example, will match contributions made by their employees to selected charitable causes. Many organizations respond to requests for donations to Little League, Girl Scouts, youth soccer programs, and so forth. The point is, however, do not necessarily or proactively seek avenues for contributing. (Portter,Michael E) Proactive Stance Like an accommodating company, a proactive company makes social responsibility a priority. Instead of reacting to criticism, a proactive company attempts to remain ahead of the curve when it comes to social responsibility. It may make ethics part of its mission statement and attempt to avoid any harm to the environment or its employees. A proactive company may go out of its way to institute new recycling programs, give all of its employees a living wage and benefits, and donate a portion of its profits to charity. (Breann Kanobi, eHow Contributor) Example~ The Toro Company, Exmark Manufacturing and Dixon Industries Inc. ollectively recalled 62,000 faulty commercial riding mowers. These companies worked directly with their dealers, distributors and customers during the recall campaign to proactively fix or replace the affected units already on the market. Nike is another example of a company that took a proactive stance, responding to criticisms about the labor conditions in the company? s supply chain. Kingfisher, a company that owns the British chain BQ, has successfully implemented a proactive stance on waste reduction, chemicals and green issues. (Brian Bass, Demand Media)

Data Quality Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Data Quality - Research Paper Example The nurses do not have to spend time in noting down the details of the patients manually, rather the data entry process becomes easier and faster for the healthcare staff (Hibbard, 2003). When data are of poor quality, there are chances of errors occurring and this causes adverse incidents to take place. The patient’s safety and health is affected as a result and this also causes the costs of healthcare to increase. The healthcare organization has to also face hindrances in information exchange (Loshin, 2007). For promoting high quality healthcare data, recommendations can be to set standards the content of data, how the data should be mapped and documented in the system of the healthcare organization. Strategies for continuous improvement of data collection should be implemented and this could mean that research and development should always be taking place. Data should also be collected and noted at the point where the patient has been treated so that the results can be compared with future cases. The patients should be educated as well for realizing the importance of accurate data provided by them (Hibbard,

Financial Administration in the City of San Antonio TX Essay

Financial Administration in the City of San Antonio TX - Essay Example The researcher states that budgeting in the City of San Antonio TX is done by the office of Management and Budgeting. It is meant to act as a financial guide, a policy paper and a financial plan. The city of San Antonio TX budget is well formulated and executed. The budget presents an adequate overview of the entity and its financial position. This is so because it provides a summary of all the budget components, its allocation and the role of these components in enhancing the objectives of the city. The budget summary covers the element of public safety, where the police and the fire department of the city are committed to respond to the safety needs of the city residents. The budget seeks to increase the number of officers in patrol and also the fire vehicle technicians. Street maintenance is another element covered by the summary, with an additional $ 1.8 for pavement preservation and some more $6 million provided to cater for advanced transport. Animal care services will be cater ed for by a $1.7 million while education and library services will be funded to a tune of $30.6 million, which will cater for the construction of new libraries and fund the operations of the already existing ones. Employee compensation and Economic development are the other components of the budget, allocating $32 million towards civilian salary adjustments and $7 million to support the creation of new jobs, support new business development and encourage new investments. (Maria, 2011). This gives a brief overview of the budget and its components, while giving information about the city objective at a glance, to make the city government smarter and more efficient. The greatest percentage of the operating budget is accounted for by public safety, which involves fire and police department, financed to a tune of $343 million, in a total adopted budget of $948 million. The reason for such huge funding of the department is because the public safety is the priority of the city of San Anton io TX (Maria, 2011). To enhance this public safety through community policing and neighborhood teamwork, the budget seeks to increase the number of officers in patrol for narcotics by 17 more. It also seeks to add another 25 officers to the service of the people and an additional 4 fire vehicle technicians to enhance rapid response services to the public. The department is also to be awarded with two more management analyst to enhance the management of the police and the fire department, and to enhance its effectiveness and efficiency. The technology used by the department is to be advanced through new software development and installations, meant to improve the payroll division of the department. Owing to the above needs for improvements in the department of fire and police, and due to the crucial role it plays of providing public safety, the city’s office of management and budget sought to allocate more fund to this department (Paul, 1998). The department alone accounts for close to 40% of all the funding done in the annual budget of 2012. This is a clear indication that the interest of the city residents takes priority in the city’s management issues. Police protection is the category within that area that accounts for the greatest budget, being a key service that is very crucial for the wellbeing of the people. A total of $1.5 is to be dedicated to the improvement of neighborhood and narcotics patrol. This is meant to increase the presence of police in all the areas of the city, thus reduce the rates of crimes and drug abuse. $850,000 is meant to reassign 17 police officers to patrols, while $597,000 is meant for increasing the number of officers serving the community neighborhoods. A new helicopter mechanic, and another new helicopter mechanics supervisor are to be hired to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of services delivered to the people by the fire and the police department. This will be funded to a tune of

Essay on the the Secret Book Essay Example for Free

Essay on the the Secret Book Essay According to recent studies, self-help books – non-fiction books that offer advice for behavior modification and make explicit promises for positive change – have doubled as a percentage of all book titles since the 1970s. The increasing popularity of self-help books is an indicator of the modern societys quest to maximize personal happiness through a process of self-discovery. Self-help books are a response to a real and genuine hunger for psychological understanding and self-improvement and are part of the larger market of advice media. Readers buy self-help books seeking self-control – both as a good-faith attempt to increase their self-control and to elicit a temporary sensation that, in fact, the first step toward self-control has already been taken. And of recent years, one of the increasing self-help or spirituality books involve the teachings of New Age-ism. The New Age is a decentralized Western social and spiritual movement that seeks Universal Truth and the attainment of the highest individual human potential. It includes aspects of Occultism, astrology, esotericism, metaphysics, alternative medicine, music, collectivism, sustainability, and nature. New Age spirituality is characterized by an individual approach to spiritual practices and philosophies, and the rejection of religious doctrine and dogma. New Age practices and philosophies sometimes draw inspiration from major world religions: Buddhism, Chinese folk religion, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism; with particularly strong influences from East Asian religions, Gnosticism, Neopaganism, New Thought, Spiritualism, Theosophy, Universalism, and Western esotericism. New Age spirituality has led to a wide array of literature on the subject and an active niche market: books, music, crafts, and services in alternative medicine are available at New Age stores, fairs, and festivals. And one of the most phenomenal publishing successes in the self-help/New Age teachings is a book called The Secret. ABOUT THE SECRET Product Details The English-language 6. 9 x 5. 7 x 0. 9 inches hardcover book is fairly lightweight at 198 pages. It was first published in November 28, 2006 by Atria Books in Australia. In the United States of America, the book is published by Beyond Words and in United Kingdom by Simon Schuster UK. Product Description Fragments of a Great Secret have been found in the oral traditions, in literature, in religions and philosophies throughout the centuries. For the first time, all the pieces of The Secret come together in an incredible revelation that will be life-transforming for all who experience it. In this book, youll learn how to use The Secret in every aspect of your life money, health, relationships, happiness, and in every interaction you have in the world. Youll begin to understand the hidden, untapped power thats within you, and this revelation can bring joy to every aspect of your life. The Secret contains wisdom from modern-day teachers men and women who have used it to achieve health, wealth, and happiness. By applying the knowledge of The Secret, they bring to light compelling stories of eradicating disease, acquiring massive wealth, overcoming obstacles, and achieving what many would regard as impossible. Content of The Secret 1. Foreword 2. Acknowledgements 3. The Secret Revealed 4. The Secret Made Simple 5. How to Use The Secret 6. Powerful Processes 7. The Secret to Money 8. The Secret to Relationships 9. The Secret to Health 10. The Secret to the World 11. The Secret to You 12. The Secret to Life 13. Biographies The Secret Revealed The first thing you need to know is that The Secret isn’t really a secret. The secret is actually â€Å"The Law of Attraction† that asserts what you think creates what you feel, and these feelings flow from your body as magnetic energy waves over vast distances, which then cause the universe around you to vibrate at the same energy level as your feelings. The idea dates back nearly 3,000 years to early Hindu teachings that like attracts like. The law of attraction, which the author Rhonda Byrne says is the most powerful law in the universe, states that people experience the logical manifestations of their predominant thoughts, feelings, and words. This gives people direct control over their lives. A persons thoughts (whether conscious or unconscious) and feelings bring about corresponding positive or negative manifestations. Positive thoughts bring about positive manifestations while negative thoughts bring about negative manifestations. The theory is very simple. Because it is an absolute law, the law of attraction will always respond to your thoughts no matter what they are. Thus your thoughts become things. You are the most powerful power in the universe simply because whatever you think about will come to be. You shape the world that exists around you. You shape your own life and destiny through the power of your mind. To quote some of the teachings in this book are â€Å"Thoughts are sending out that magnetic signal that is drawing the parallel back to you. †Thus there is no such thing as accident or coincidence; it is you, the individual, who brings misery on yourself because of your toxic thinking. But the good news, if you can alter your thoughts, and therefore your feelings, you can actually cause the universe around you to vibrate at a positive energy level and the desires of your heart will come to be realized! All you have to do is Ask — Believe — Receive. You just have to visualize what you want, feel good about it, and then ask the universe — and whatever you can imagine can be yours. It is like having the universe as your catalogue and you flip through it and go, ‘Well I’d like to have this experience and I’d like to have that product and I’d like to have a person like that’ †¦ It is you just placing your order with the universe. The law of attraction was the power, the author argues, behind geniuses such as Plato, Newton, Beethoven and Einstein. In this book too, she has also gotten quotes, experiences and support from the whos who of the self-help industry, including John Gray, author of Men Are From Mars, Women Are From Venus, and Jack Canfield, who wrote Chicken Soup for the Soul. Jack Canfield, provides an excellent example of the ask-believe-receive system where he tells us that he visualized earning $100,000 (even writing the desired amount on a bill worth far less and tacking it to the ceiling above his bed) and focused his mental energy only on the goal of attaining the money. He tells us that he had absolutely no idea how he was going to get the money — he simply focused on believing that he would get the money, somehow. But how? For four weeks he had no breakthrough ideas but then, one day in the shower, he remembered that he had written a book and, if it was published (particularly if he sold 400,000 copies and he made a quarter on each) he just might achieve his financial goals. Of course the book was published, and the results were only a few thousand dollars shy of 100,000 dollars. And this is just one of the many testimonials in this book called The Secret. The Story Behind The Secret It is not a secret now that The Secret is a publishing phenomenon of recent years especially for in the non-fiction self-help category. This small book, with a parchment-brown cover engraved with the image of a red wax seal, debuted in 2006 and since then it has sold over four million copies worldwide and has been translated to 38 different languages. The Secret began as a DVD which came out end of 2004. Rhonda Byrne was a television producer in Australia in 2004 when the death of her father led her to discover ‘the secret’, which is her term for what is commonly known as the law of attraction. Her discovery was mainly caused by the 1910 book The Science of Getting Rich by Wallace Wattles. Wattless book struck such a chord with Byrne that she plunged into a crash course in Western, Eastern, ancient and modern thought, devouring hundreds of books and articles in just two and a half weeks. Inspired, she flew to the States in July 2005 and began lining up people to interview; the film was finished six months later and she began trying to find an Australian network to air it. The top-rated Nine Network was intrigued by her proposal, but the finished film struck Len Downs, the program manager, as just a whole range of talking heads giving their basis of the secret of life. It eventually ran in Australia just a few weeks ago, and, says Downs, it didnt do all that well. But armed with the law of attraction, Byrne was confident things would work out. A Web company situated just blocks away from her office in Melbourne had a technology for distributing streaming video over the Internet. In March 2006, her site (http://thesecret. tv) began selling downloads and DVDs, one of which found its way to Cynthia Black, president of the New Age-oriented publishing house Beyond Words saw its potential and by late November the book was in the stores and the rest as they say, is history. PURCHASING THE SECRET The Secret books are available at all major bookstores, online bookstore and through its official website. It is usually placed in the Health, Mind Body - Self Help category or Religion Spirituality - New Age category. At most of these major bookstores, The Secret books are placed most prominently on the shelves. Due to it being constantly on worldwide bestseller lists for non-fiction books thus the title is prominently displayed in the bookstores should the bookstore have a bestsellers display section. Its average retails price for cash carry stores are $23. 95 in the United States; ? 12. 00 in United Kingdom; and MYR79. 90 in Malaysia. While its average retail price for online purchases are $14. 00 and ? 12. 00 in United States and United Kingdom respectively. PROMOTING THE SECRET After the phenomenal success of the The Secret DVD, it made sense for it to be turned into a book and what better way for the marketers to embark on promoting the book than playing up the hype of the movie and using the popular internet marketing tool such as the viral video site YouTube. The book was marketed with an online viral video campaign focusing on wealth enhancement. The short video clips showed testimonials from readers of the book and practitioners of the secret claiming that the technique brought them wealth, cured sickness, and brought about a general life-change. The video clips do not disclose what the secret is, where it originated from or how it can be practiced, but rather pointed viewers to the website for both the book and film. Thus hooking the viewers and made them all the more intrigue by the claims made by the author in the book. As for packaging and promotional material, the book also played into the consumers’ senses by trying to showcase that the secret originates from the cosmos. The cover prominently displayed a parchment-brown cover engraved with the image of a red wax seal (see Appendix 1) to indicate it is somewhat a book from the olden days and in the inside pages, the background design are a field of stars, and various shots of the universe thus adding mystique to the claims and the practice. However, the most savvy and most probably the ultimate gambit of the book is to call it The Secret. To quote Mr Donavin Bennes, a buyer who specializes in metaphysics for Borders Books, We all want to be in on a secret. But to present it as the secret, that was brilliant. † Thus the name evoke a sense of intrigue to readers who are looking for something magical or perhaps easier tool for them to understand and to fully live their lives. Another smart marketing move made by the publisher was to have it endorsed by well-known and highly popular worldwide celebrities. The book got its first break in the US when Ellen DeGeneres featured it on her show. And when Oprah Winfrey decided to run a show on it, although it was already a big success, the sales ballooned up much more. Oprah Winfrey first featured it on Feb. 8 2007 and according to Nielsen BookScan, the book had sold 18,000 copies the week before. During the week of the show, sales rocketed to 101,000 and when the show did a follow-up on Feb. 16 2007, the sales that week reached 190,000. With the success of the book, the publishers decided to create more spin-off titles, which they call The Secret tools. There are now The Secret to Teen Power (see Appendix 2), The Secret Daily Teachings (see Appendix 3) and The Secret Gratitude Book (see Appendix 4). Not only that, at its official website there are also ‘gifts’ for the readers such as visualization tools, The Secret memory game, wallpapers, ebook and blank checks (see Appendix 5) which goes hand-in-hand with the teachings of the book. THE SECRET S. W. O. T ANALYSIS Strengths 1. The intriguing title. As elaborated above, the title play a major role in inciting readers’ interest in the book. 2. The cover design. Alongside its intriguing title, the odd-shaped book with its olden-days personification invoke a sense of mystery that is definitely eye-catching and surely pique a person’s interest while browsing the shelves at a bookstore. 3. The content is an easy read with its simple language and peppered with inspiring testimonials from many men women who has experienced the use of the secret plus personal experience quotations from the the whos who of the self-help industry. 4. The savvy marketing ideas of the publishers that has created the hype that constantly raise awareness of the book. 5. Endorsement by high-profile influential personalities that are recognized world-wide certainly helped boosted its sale internationally. 6. Constant high-placing in best-selling charts, most probably due to the savvy marketing ideas of the publisher and as the  long-term effect of the celebrity associated to the book especially Oprah Winfrey. Weaknesses 1. The selling price in Malaysia of RM79. 90 is definitely a setback to potential buyers as the price is rather steep for many people especially for books in the self-help category. 2. The book is not available in paperback form thus some book buyers are not keen on buying hardback cover books due to its steeper price or its slightly heavy weight. 3. The content is not something that is unique and there are many similar teachings that one can get in many other books thus it does lack a little originality. 4. As typical with many New Age teachings, the content of the book has garnered much criticism which try to debunked the book’s teaching as merely hype, mumbo-jumbo or just plain illogical. 5. The book has to complete with many other form of self-help books available that are cheaper, more accessible and from much more renowned authors (Paulo Coelho, Eckhart Tolle, Anthony Robbins) Opportunities 1. Publishers could promote to younger readers especially The Secret for Teens book first and therefore will garner their interest in the main book The Secret. 2. Use the The Secret movie to lure potential readers as there are those who would like to have to book in hand as a way to look back or do revision which is harder to do with the dvd. 3. Offer a cheaper paperback form, thus the book is able to be sold at a cheaper price and therefore garner many more readers. Threats 1. With the easy access to internet, potential readers might decide to check out what the book is about online and thus stumbling on the many critics that the book has garnered. This in turn can make them believe the critics before actually reading the book, thus will result in loss of sales. 2. Like many other things in life, people are apt to stumble upon a new idea for a book or a belief that could help the world, thus there will be brand new books in the future that will probably come with a much more savvy marketing approach and thus will affect the interest of the people about The Secret! THE SECRET CONCLUSION The Secret is a phenomenon and it is likely to become one of the best-selling self-help books of all time. Venture into your local bookstore or look around you while waiting at an airport, and youre bound to see people reading it and absorbing it. They will not just be people who consult astrologers and who listen to Tony Robbins tapes, but normal, average people like the ones who live next door to you. There are almost 1400 reviews of the book printed at Amazon with an average rating of 3. 5 out of 5. The breakdown of those scores is interesting: fifty-two percent of them are 5-star, thirteen percent are 4-star and twenty-one percent are 1-star. This means that the majority of people, the great majority even, believe in at least some aspects of the books premise and teaching. They believe in the law of attraction. The one problem that The Secret poses is that it simplifies and speculates way too much and there are a quite a significant level of moral defects, the lack of scientific backing, and the various philosophical shortcomings, how is it that a significant number of people still believe there’s something to The Law of Attraction? Part of the reason must certainly be the powerful testimonials coming from celebrity figures such as Oprah Winfrey, a woman who attributes her success to her mighty powers of attraction. Of course, thats a long way from the simple model of Ask-Believe-Receive. In most peoples lives, positive thought leads to success only through the transforming medium of action. But as the author Rhonda said in an interview, she just wants to bring happiness to everybody. Thats the reason it all began. And to her credit, she does bring happiness to many people worldwide and surely there is nothing, in principle, wrong with thinking about what makes you happy.

Capital Punishment Essay - Death Penalty and the Clash of Moral Ideolog

The Death Penalty and the Clash of Moral Ideologies      Ã‚     "Capital punishment is a term which indicates muddled thinking." George Bernard Shaw  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The "muddled thinking" that Shaw speaks of is the thinking that perpetuates the controversy over capital punishment in the United States today.   The impractical concurrence of a theoretical, moral argument and definite, legal application has left all sides in this controversy dissatisfied with the ultimate handling of the issue.   There are legitimate ethical and empirical considerations that stand on both the side that favors and on the side that opposes the death penalty.   The general incompatibility of these considerations renders them irreconcilable.   It is within this condition of irreconcilability that the government must initiate and implement its policies regarding capital punishment.   This fixed condition has led to the necessity for and creation of comprises between both sites of this debate, attempting to synthesize the considerations of the t wo. The contentious issue of the capital punishment was rekindled in the 1970s when, in 1976, the Supreme reinstated the practice after a four-year hiatus.   The arguments that comprise much of the legal debate on the issue stem from the eighth and fourteenth amendments to the United States Constitution.   The eighth reads, "Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted." 1       The final clause of the first section of the fourteenth amendment explains, "nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws." 2     The 1976 ruling of Gregg v.... ... sides, regardless of personal conviction.   The inherent incompatibility of the arguments prevents any solution from meeting the expectations and satisfying the moral obligations of all parties.   This paradox leads to the need for compromise, in place of reconciliation, in death penalty legislation.   The status quo of the American legal system allows legislators to weigh the considerations of each side and come to some practical conclusion for the impractical clash of moral ideologies.    1  Ã‚  Ã‚   "Amendment VIII".   Constitution of the United States. 2  Ã‚  Ã‚   "Amendment XIV".   Constitution of the United States. 3   Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U.S. 153 (1976). United States Supreme Court.   Pp. 168-187. 4  Ã‚   "Leviticus".   The Soncino Chumash.   Pp. 760. 5  Ã‚   "Capital Punishment 1996".   Bureau of Justice Statistics Bulletin.   December 1997.   Pp. 3.         

The True Confession of Charlotte Doyle

The True Confessions of Charlotte Doyle June 4, 2012 Ann Lee 8D â€Å"The True Confessions of Charlotte Doyle† by Avi is about a thirteen-year-old girl, Charlotte Doyle, traveling from England to America, where her family was living. After the ship had left, she realized that she was the only female passenger on the ship, which was called Seahawk. Charlotte was an upper class and educated girl, unlike many of the sailors on the ship. Despite the fact that one of the sailors warned Charlotte about Captain Jaggery’s true side, Charlotte didn’t believe him and became friends with Captain Jaggery, who seemed like a gentleman to her.However, she realized that the captain was using her to get information and he was cruel to the sailors. Charlotte decided to join the rebels. The rebels wanted to kill the captain, who was cruel and mean to them, and Captain Jaggery was trying to prevent the sailors from rebelling against him. Clearly, there was a conflict between the reb els and Captain Jaggery. The climax of the story was when Captain Jaggery died by falling off the ship, and the conflict was also resolved, since the war between the rebels and Captain Jaggery was over. The main theme of this novel is the change of identity.Before her journey, she was just a rich, upper class girl, who was educated. But when she was on the ship with other sailors, she had to be one of them. She wore dirty clothes that she wasn’t allowed to wear at home and didn’t care about her manners and behaviors. Her parents always told her to behave like a lady, but her identity has changed when she was on the ship; she was acting like a different person. Clearly, change of identity took place in this novel. I like how this book was written in the perspective of a teenage girl, who is about my age. I could understand the character better, and read the book from her perspective.

Factors Affecting The Arbitrage Pricing Theory Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3368 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Capital Markets play a vital role in the financial sector of each economy. The primary role of the capital market is to raise long-term funds for governments, banks, and corporations while providing a platform for the trading of securities. An efficient capital market can promote economic growth by attracting domestic and foreign capital. 1.1.2 Karachi Stock Exchange and its profile The Karachi Stock Exchange is an example of a capital market which is the biggest and most liquid exchange in Pakistan. It was declared the Best Performing Stock Market of the World for the year 2002. A total of 650 companies were listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) as of endÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ March 2010, with paid up capital of Rs. 894.2 billion. Aggregate market capitalization as at end March, stood at Rs. 2,890 billion (US$ 35 billion). (Source: Economic Survey of Pakistan) Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Factors Affecting The Arbitrage Pricing Theory Finance Essay" essay for you Create order 1.1.3 KSE- 100 INDEX The primary objective of the KSE100 index is to have a benchmark by which the stock price performance can be compared to over a period of time. In particular, the KSE 100 is designed to provide investors with a sense of how the Pakistan equity market is performing. The KSE-100 Index was introduced in November 1999 with base value of 1,000 points. The Index comprises of 100 companies selected on the basis of sector representation and highest market capitalization, which captures over 80% of the total market capitalization of the companies listed on the Exchange. Out 35 Sectors, 34 companies are selected i.e. one company from each sector (excluding Open-End Mutual Fund Sector) on the basis of the largest market capitalization and the remaining 66 companies are selected on the basis of largest market capitalization in descending order. This is a total return index i.e. dividend, bonus and rights are adjusted. The formula for calculating the KSE- 100 Index is: [(Sum of Shares Outstanding x Current Price) / Base Period Value] x 1000 Or (Market Capitalization / Base Divisor) x 1000 1.1.4 Top 30 KSE 100 Index Companies The following is a list of 30 companies with the highest market capitalization volume and their respective weightages in the index and account for over 80% of the KSE index as of February 20, 2008: Number Company Name Weightage (%) Market Capitalization (PKR) 1 OGDCL 14.14 550,948,930,000 2 MCB 7.17 279,583,150,000 3 National Bank of Pakistan 5.43 211,726,900,000 4 Pakistan Petroleum 5.06 197,201,080,000 5 Standard Chartered Bank 4.41 171,704,800,000 6 PTCL 4.28 166,810,800,000 7 United Bank Limited 4.13 161,025,160,000 8 Jahangir Siddiqui Company 2.66 103,600,000,000 9 Pakistan State Oil 2.08 81,034,440,000 10 Allied Bank Limited 2.01 78,371,670,000 11 Nestlà © Pakistan 1.93 75,280,250,000 12 Pakistan Oilfields 1.71 66,824,220,000 13 Fauji Fertilizer Company 1.68 65,607,390,000 14 ABN AMRO 1.63 63,666, 370,000. 15 Engro Chemical 1.45 56,492,990,000 16 Arif Habib Securities 1.40 54,660,000,000 17 NIB Bank 1.27 49,320,250,000 18 Kot Addu Power Company 1.19 46,565,400,000 19 EFU General Insurance 1.16 45,300,000,000 20 Bank of Punjab 1.13 43,869,030,000 21 Fauji Fertilizer Bin Qasim 1.06 41,474,480,000 22 Bank Alfalah 1.03 39,975,000,000 23 Adamjee Insurance 1.01 39,258,300,000 24 Pakistan Tobacco Company 0.99 38,707,280,000 25 Sui Northern Gas Pipelines 0.98 38,300,100,000 26 Hub Power Company 0.98 38,128,240,000 27 Dawood Hercules Chemicals 0.91 35,549,620,000 28 Habib Metropolitan Bank 0.91 35,354,280,000 29 EFU Life Assurance 0.89 34,750,000,000 30 Lucky Cement 0.86 33,593,480,000 Relevance of the Topic and Research Title This research aims to identify what extra market factors should be considered as likely candidates when investigating stock market volatility and in that lies this research titles relevance. The APT model is dependent on many variable factors and there are various adverse factors in Pakistan which affects stocks returns in the KSE like political tensions, law and order situation, water shortage, floods, earthquakes and flood and energy crisis. So this thesis paper will help to identify the factors which have a positive, negative or no correlation with stock returns. Impact of 2008 Economic/ Political Crisis on KSE 100 Index The KSE 100 Index had many swings during the fiscal year 2008 and the key factors affecting it were as follows: May 23: High inflation in the month of May, 2008 resulted in the unexpected increase in the interest rates by State Bank of Pakistan which eventually resulted in sharp fall in Karachi Stock Exchange and its indexes. July 16: KSE-100 Index dropped one-third from an all-time high hit in April, 2008 as rising pressure on Pakistans government to tackle Taliban militants worsens concern about the countrys economic woes. July 17: Angry investors attacked the Karachi Stock Exchange in protest at plunging Pakistani share prices which further led to a decrease in share prices. August 18: KSE 100 Index rose more than 4% after the announcement of the resignation of President Pervez Musharraf. So the chain of events/ facts shows how different incidents/ factors can affect the share prices in Pakistan and that is what this research paper will aim at. Background information and Evolution Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) The capital asset pricing model states that the price of a stock is related to two variables; the time value of money and the risk of the stock.   The time value here is represented by the risk free rate of interest. The CAPM model keeps into account the overall stock market risk and that is the only factor which it incorporates, something which became dubious when this asset pricing model was used in earlier times. Later, researchers figured out that there were other factors as well which would affect stock returns so a new model for pricing was needed. Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) The APT states that each stocks return to the investor is influenced by several independent factors. It is given by the following formulae: Expected Return = RF + B1 x (factor 1) + B2 x (factor 2) + + Bn x (factor n) Where: RF = the risk free interest rate is the interest rate the investor would expect to receive from a risk free investment. b = the sensitivity of the stock to each factor. Factor = the risk premium associated with each factor. There are no specific factors for this model as theory doesnt suggest any, because the stock returns could vary as one stock might be more sensitive to one factor than another. For example the price of crude oil might be sensitive to the share of OGDCL but not to the share of MCB. There are other various macroeconomic variables which affect the arbitrage pricing model which includes Inflation, GNP, Shifts in Yield Curve and Investor Confidence. Characteristics of the Arbitrage Pricing Model Arbitrage Pricing Model considers the following risk factors: Company specific risk. Interest rate (time horizon risk). Inflation risk. Confidence risk. A multi factor or multi variable model best describes the arbitrage pricing model. It does not specify its risk factors. Timely and accurate information of the variables is required. The relationship should be theoretically justifiable on economic grounds. It works better for individual stocks rather than for a group of stocks. It is used less than the Build-up model, CAPM model or the Discounted Cash Flow model. 1.3.4 Difference between CAPM and APT model The difference between CAPM and arbitrage pricing theory is that CAPM has a single non-company factor and a single beta, whereas arbitrage pricing theory separates out non-company factors into as many as proves necessary to be included. Each of these requires a separate beta. The beta of each factor is the sensitivity of the price of the security to that factor. 1.3.5 Advantages and limitations of the APT model Following are the advantages of the APT model: It is not as restrictive as the CAPM in its requirement about individual portfolios and with respect to the information structure it allows. It allows multiple sources of risk which provides an explanation of what moves stock returns. Limitation of the APT model: APT expects investors to assume or perceive the risk sources. 1.3.6 Assumptions of the Arbitrage Pricing Theory Capital Markets are perfectly competitive. Investors always prefer more wealth to less wealth. Perfect competition prevails and there is no transaction cost in the market: frictionless market. Managerial Concerns pertaining to Research Decisions are made by managers every day. And in order to make fruitful decisions one needs to have firm knowledge over the issue or need to research and know about it to master at whatever they want to do. So the more important the decisions and their impact, the more important the research becomes. If decisions are made randomly then their consequences would be resulting in considerable harm to a large number of people related to it. Hence the research should be refined so that managers can use them to apply the theory and findings to their daily life. From this research, managers can get to know which factors affect their companys stock prices so they would devise policies with regard to that in the favor of their companies to avoid losses. Academic Concerns pertaining to Research Students and researchers might find it important to consult the research paper in order to understand the underlying concept of the topic researched on. It could be of vital importance if they want to derive on to something related to the topic. Also the research can be used to see how analysis is carried out in the case of stock returns and its factors and which factors affect the stock returns. Keywords and Definitions Arbitrage: It is the process of earning profits by taking advantage of differential pricing for the same asset. Arbitrage Pricing Theory: The theory focuses to calculate the returns in absence of arbitrage-condition of artificially overpricing or underpricing a product. It applies to economies that are regulated by the Law of One Price which states that two identical goods cant be sold at the same price. Arbitrage Pricing Model: An asset pricing model which predicts a relationship between the returns of a  portfolio and the returns of a single asset through a linear combination of many independent macro-economic variables. Stock Market: It is the market in which  shares are issued and traded either through exchanges or  over-the-counter markets. Also known as the equity market, it is one of the most vital areas of a market economy as it provides companies with access to capital and investors with a slice of ownership in the company and  the potential of gains based on  the companys  future performance. Multifactor Model: A multifactor model is an alternative to a single risk based model. It can either be from an Arbitrage pricing theory or from a multi-beta CAPM perspective incorporating multiple factors which are responsible for the asset returns. Study Objectives To find out which factors have a linkage with stock prices in general and with respect to Karachi Stock Exchange. To find out which factors have a positive, negative or no correlation with stock prices in the stock market. Chapter 2: Literature Review Various literatures were consulted for this research paper and it was found that the level of return achieved or expected from an investment is dependent on a variety of factors. The single index model or the CAPM was developed by Sharpe (1963) which was unsuccessful as its main shortcoming was that it used only the market return as a single factor to determine security return. This led way to the multifactor model or APT model developed by Ross (1976) which incorporated other variables affecting stock returns. 2.1 Evidence from Stock Markets 2.1.1 Evidence from the Japanese Stock Market A.A Azeez and Yasuhiro investigated the evidence of pricing of macroeconomic factors in the Japanese stock market during the bubble period using the Arbitrage Pricing Theory model. They also examined the pre and post bubble periods in order to compare the robustness of prices factors over the bubble period. The main objective of their study is to analyze empirically the asset pricing mechanism of Japanese stock market during the bubble economy by the use of macroeconomic based APT. The data is divided into the three bubble categories in order to analyze the results and in each period there are four factors which carry risk premiums in the Japanese stock market; money supply, inflation, exchange rate and industrial production. In choosing the variables special consideration is given to any economic announcements which will affect stock price movements if the new information revealed by announcements affects either expectations of future dividends or discount rates or both.  [1] 2.1.2 Evidence from Turkish Stock Exchange Ahmet gave evidence of effects from Turkish Stock Exchange stating seven macroeconomic variables (consumer price index, money market interest rate, gold price, industrial production growth index, oil price, foreign exchange rate and money supply) affecting the Istanbul stock Exchange Index- 100. He designed a multiple regression model and concluded saying that interest rate, industrial production index, oil price and foreign exchange rate have negative effect on ISE-100 index while money supply has a positive one. On the contrary inflation rate and gold price does not have any significant effect on the dependent variable. 2.1.3 Evidence from Indian Stock Exchange Aman from India has carried out a research based on literature review and has concluded the relevance of macroeconomic factor for stock markets. According to his findings stock markets are affected by macroeconomic factors which may be local or international. Key variables mentioned by him affecting in the longer run are industrial production, inflation, foreign exchange rate, interest rate and money supply. 2.1.4 Evidence from Italian Stock Market Arduino Cagnetti did an empirical study in the Italian Stock Market by comparing the APT and CAPM models and found that APT performs better than the CAPM in all aspects. Many of the factors that he found significant were inflation, interest rates, money variables, market indices, production indices and international trade variables. 2.1.5 Evidence from Karachi Stock Market Babar, Kashif, Aslam and Nadeem documented the results by examining the stock returns variations to specific economic variables by applying a multi factor model in context of Karachi Stock Exchange. The 32 firms for which data was taken were related from the two most important industries of Pakistan: Banking and Textile Industry which were the top performers at KSE-100 index. They incorporated variables like market index, consumer price index, risk free rate of return, exchange rate, industrial production growth rate, money supply and individual industrial production to run analysis using the GARCH model. Javed Iqbal and Aziz Haider provide evidence from the Karachi Stock Exchange by carrying out the exploratory factor analysis by breaking the sample for stability testing. They chose sixteen macroeconomic variables out of which some were interest rate, money market rate, long term interest rate yield and regional market. 2.2 Joint estimation of factor sensitivities and risk premia for the APT In this study Edwin and Marjorie maintained a linear factor model and used both measured and unmeasured factors to estimate a LFM, the APT, and a CAPM. They found that the January effect is an important determinant of expected returns. The existence of a January effect that is not explained by this set of factors is evident, but, it would be trivial to add a portfolio that exhibits a strong January effect and hence represents a January factor. 2.3 The Conditional relation between Beta and Returns In this paper, Glenn, Sridhar and Ike find a consistent and highly significant relationship between beta and cross-sectional portfolio returns. The key distinction between the tests is the recognition that the positive relationship between returns and beta predicted by the Sharpe-Lintner-Black model which is based on expected rather than realized returns. In periods where excess market returns are negative, an inverse relationship between beta and portfolio returns should exist. 2.4 Explaining the cross section of returns via a multi factor APT model This paper by Jianping uses an autoregressive approach to test a multi-factor model with time-varying risk premiums. A quasi-differencing approach is used to eliminate the unobservable factors in the model. It is found that the model is capable of capturing the size effect and the dividend yield effect, but is incapable of explaining the book-to-market effect and the earnings-price ratio effect. Thus, it is concluded that a constant-beta multi-factor model will not be able to explain the cross-sectional variation in expected returns. 2.5 Economic Forces and the Stock Market This paper tests whether innovations in macroeconomic variables are risks that are rewarded in the stock market. Financial theory suggests that the following macroeconomic variables should systematically affect stock market returns: the spread between long and short interest rates, expected and unexpected inflation, industrial production, and the spread between high and low grade bonds. It is found that these sources of risk are significantly priced. Furthermore, neither the market portfolio nor aggregate consumption is priced separately. Also the oil price risk is not separately rewarded in the stock market. 2.6 Macroeconomic factors do influence aggregate stock returns This paper helps to find that the stock market returns are significantly correlated with inflation and money growth. The impact of real macroeconomic variables on aggregate equity returns has been difficult to establish, perhaps because their effects are neither linear nor time invariant. GARCH model of daily equity returns is used for estimation, where realized returns and their conditional volatility depend on 17 macro series announcements. Six factors are used: three nominal (CPI, PPI, and a Monetary Aggregate) and three real (Balance of Trade, Employment Report, and Housing Starts). Popular measures of overall economic activity, such as Industrial Production or GNP are not used. Chapter 3: Methodology and Analytical Choices 3.1 Framework of Analysis Dependent Variable: KSE 100 index Independent Variables (Factors): Consumer Price Index (measure of inflation) Money supply Interest Rates Exchange Rates Gross Domestic Product (measure of output) Potential Factors which havent been incorporated: Business cycle/ Time Horizon Regional Market Return Political Events (corruption, Assassinations, law and order situation) Natural Disasters/ Calamities Gold Price Industrial Production Growth Rate Oil Price Shifts in yield curves Default risk premiums for bonds(measures investor confidence) Private placements January effect Bank mergers Announcement effects (mergers, monetary policy) 3.2 Statement of Research Hypothesis Hypothesis 1: Ho: Consumer Price Index has a significant impact on KSE 100 index. H1: Consumer Price Index does not have a significant impact on KSE 100 index. Hypothesis 2: Ho: Money supply has a significant impact on KSE 100 index. H1: Money supply does not have a significant impact on KSE 100 index. Hypothesis 3: Ho: Interest Rates have a significant impact on KSE 100 index. H1: Interest Rates do not have a significant impact on KSE 100 index. Hypothesis 4: Ho: Exchange rates have a significant impact on KSE 100 index. H1: Exchange rates do not have a significant impact on KSE 100 index. Hypothesis 5: Ho: GDP have a significant impact on KSE 100 index. H1: GDP do not have a significant impact on KSE 100 index. 3.3 Elements of Research Design Type of Research: Exploratory research as the problem has not been clearly defined and the problem has multiple sensitivities attached to it. Study Setting: Natural as the data will be derived without any intervention from the natural environment. Nature of Data: Time Series Data. Data Collection Preferences Data is to be calculated for a period of 10 years so that there is no potential bias due to time horizon. Variable Definition Sources KSE 100 index It is a stock index acting as a benchmark to compare prices on the Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) over a period of time State Bank of Pakistan Consumer Price Index It measures changes through time in the price level of consumer goods and services purchased by households Federal Bureau of Statistics Gross Domestic Product It is the market value of all final goods and services made within the borders of a country in a year CIA World Fact book Money Supply Money and quasi money comprise the sum of currency outside banks, demand deposits other than those of the central government, and the time, savings, and foreign currency deposits of resident sectors other than the central government. This definition is frequently called M2 International Financial Statistics Interest Rate It is the money ma rket interest rate. State Bank of Pakistan Exchange Rate This entry provides the official value of a countrys monetary unit at a given date or over a given period of time, as expressed in units of local currency per US dollar CIA World Fact book 3.5 Data Collection and Related Procedures Exploratory research often relies on secondary sources such as reviewing available literature or data so secondary sources will be used to collect data. That includes research papers and literature reviews taken online from various electronic journals and databases and course books for theory purposes. 3.6 Statement of Analytical Approach and Methodology Descriptive Statistics will be used initially and then covariance of dependent and independent variables will be seen to check for variables. When variables will be finalized, autocorrelation will be done to check for stationarity and then econometric modeling will be done by using multi regression model using the OLS to find out the hypothesis results. 3.7 Limitations With Arbitrage Pricing Model it is difficult to identify the appropriate relevant factors as theory does not suggest any specific ones. Monthly data was not available for all variables so yearly had to be taken into account which might affect the analysis results.